The Welsh government will no doubt argue though that the problem with Bristol is that it is not an airport in Wales it's in England. That's part of the challenge. Wales government will always want to promote people being able to travel to and from Wales directly as much as possible without having to go via England as people spending money in Wales contribute to Wales economy rather than England's.
The alternative to free movement of people then perhaps is to build a wall to keep the English out and the Welsh in?

I’m afraid the commercial market doesn’t appear to recognise borders in this instance. That is the problem.
 
The alternative to free movement of people then perhaps is to build a wall to keep the English out and the Welsh in?

I’m afraid the commercial market doesn’t appear to recognise borders in this instance. That is the problem.
The ease of crossing the border is a challenge but no one is suggesting a wall. Any Welsh government worth their salt isn't going to turn round and say f*** it, let it close and just say everyone should travel overland via England when trying to attract inbound investment and tourism. Its just not going to happen. They're going to want to invest in being able to have passengers get to and from Wales directly as much as possible rather than overland via England and create jobs at the site in other areas like MRO. Its literally part of their job to promote economic development in Wales and promote tourism into Wales and international tourism is highly prised because its worth more per head than domestic.
 
The ease of crossing the border is a challenge but no one is suggesting a wall. Any Welsh government worth their salt isn't going to turn round and say f*** it, let it close and just say everyone should travel overland via England when trying to attract inbound investment and tourism. Its just not going to happen. They're going to want to invest in being able to have passengers get to and from Wales directly as much as possible rather than overland via England and create jobs at the site in other areas like MRO. Its literally part of their job to promote economic development in Wales and promote tourism into Wales and international tourism is highly prised because its worth more per head than domestic.
Yes I know, but the problems arise when BRS, which has a legitimate claim to South Wales as part of its catchment area, sees the Welsh Government trying to poach passengers by literally paying airlines. This is what could be construed as unfair subsidy and what is market distortion.

To put it simple, if airlines believed there was a commercially justified reason for serving Wales over and above any other airport that happens to fe nearby but not in Wales they’d be doing it. But they’re not, the inconvenient truth is that they see Cardiff as part of the wider BRS catchment area and are therefore more than happy for this to continue.
 
But they’re not, the inconvenient truth is that they see Cardiff as part of the wider BRS catchment area and are therefore more than happy for this to continue.
Except that the airlines that the Welsh government will want to attract don't serve Bristol. They've stated that route development money is for hubs. Bristol only has 2 hub airlines. KLM and Aer Lingus. It's struggled to attract and keep other hub airlines beyond that.

Realistically we're not going to see Easyjet or Jet2 and TUI and Ryanair are growing at Cardiff of their own accord and have served Cardiff for quite a while now so are established at the airport.
Cardiff has attracted WestJet but whether Bristol was a competitor for that route idk as the CEO stated that passengers mentioned Wales as a destination they wanted to visit. Another target is Air France for Paris but if Bristol was in their consideration surely they'd be operating there now?
It obviously depends on your point of view but it could be considered that hubs and hub airlines like that could be legitimate targets for route development money to facilitate business links and bring in tourism.
 
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Except that the airlines that the Welsh government will want to attract don't serve Bristol. They've stated that route development money is for hubs. Bristol only has 2 hub airlines. KLM and Aer Lingus. It's struggled to attract and keep other hub airlines beyond that.

Realistically we're not going to see Easyjet or Jet2 and TUI and Ryanair are growing at Cardiff of their own accord and have served Cardiff for quite a while now so are established at the airport.
Cardiff has attracted WestJet but whether Bristol was a competitor for that route idk as the CEO stated that passengers mentioned Wales as a destination they wanted to visit. Another target is Air France for Paris but if Bristol was in their consideration surely they'd be operating there now?
It obviously depends on your point of view but it could be considered that hubs and hub airlines like that could be legitimate targets for route development money to facilitate business links and bring in tourism.

They don’t at the moment, but that doesn’t mean BRS hasn't been in those same boardrooms. It’s incredibly challenging for any regional airport to land a prestigious hub link because they are competing on a global stage.

If BRS is targeting those same carriers, they have a strong argument for market distortion. If a carrier chooses CWL simply because of a subsidy that equates to £70+ per passenger, it’s not a 'market win'—it’s an artificial diversion. This doesn't just hurt BRS; it effectively drives down their bargaining power, forcing them to accept worse terms to stay competitive, which ultimately impacts the wider South West and South Wales region.

The jury is literally out—the Competition Appeal Tribunal hearing began this month—and it’s going to be a landmark case for the Subsidy Control Act. It’ll be interesting to see if the court prioritises 'regional regeneration' or if they agree that this level of support is an unlawful 'rescue' of an ailing business.
 
They don’t at the moment, but that doesn’t mean BRS hasn't been in those same boardrooms. It’s incredibly challenging for any regional airport to land a prestigious hub link because they are competing on a global stage.
And the irony is that many of those other airports on the global stage are able to subsidise routes themselves in various ways and I've no doubt Bristol wouldn't complain if a route to it was subsidised.
It’ll be interesting to see if the court prioritises 'regional regeneration' or if they agree that this level of support is an unlawful 'rescue' of an ailing business.
It definitely will be interesting to see what the ruling will be. Even if they rule against the Welsh government i don't think it'll stop them supporting Cardiff. They'll just find another way.
 
And the irony is that many of those other airports on the global stage are able to subsidise routes themselves in various ways and I've no doubt Bristol wouldn't complain if a route to it was subsidised.

It definitely will be interesting to see what the ruling will be. Even if they rule against the Welsh government i don't think it'll stop them supporting Cardiff. They'll just find another way.
I think there’s a bit of a leap in equating standard commercial incentives with a £205 million state subsidy. Bristol (and every other airport) definitely uses 'route development funds'—but those are usually short-term, private commercial discounts. This CWL package is unprecedented in UK aviation history (roughly £71 per passenger), which is why the Competition Appeal Tribunal is hearing the case this month.

If the court rules against the Welsh Government, it’s not as simple as 'finding another way.' The Subsidy Control Act is quite strict; they’d have to prove that any new support isn’t just propping up an 'ailing' business or distorting the local market.

It’s a bit of a paradox: if Cardiff is truly a 'prestigious hub' destination that airlines are desperate to serve, it shouldn't need a nine-figure taxpayer safety net to prove it. The fact that it does is exactly why Bristol is arguing that the playing field isn't just tilted—it's being rebuilt entirely
 
This CWL package is unprecedented in UK aviation history (roughly £71 per passenger)
It's not £71 per passenger that's a number made up by Bristol especially as half the amount is for non passenger related activities.
If the court rules against the Welsh Government, it’s not as simple as 'finding another way.
Lets see what happens and what the ruling is.
 
It's not £71 per passenger that's a number made up by Bristol especially as half the amount is for non passenger related activities.

Lets see what happens and what the ruling is.
The £71.50 figure isn't 'made up'—it’s a calculation based on the Welsh Government’s own documents submitted to the Tribunal.

They’ve allocated roughly £100 million specifically for route development with a goal of attracting 1.4 million new passengers. If you do the sums on those specific 'passenger-attracting' funds, that’s where the £71.50 comes from.

Anyway I agree, interesting to see how it pans out.
 
The £71.50 figure isn't 'made up'—it’s a calculation based on the Welsh Government’s own documents submitted to the Tribunal.
And it would be completely different if the airport made it to 2 million passengers which is also a target and the £100 million is over a decade if it reached 1.4 million by 2029 only potentially 30 million could be available and Cardiff may not actually spend all the money either.
Numbers can be twisted to suit a narrative.
Let's see what happens with the judgement and from a Cardiff point of view I hope it doesn't lead to tragedy because we need to remember that people's livelihoods are dependant on the site operating as an airport.
 
And it would be completely different if the airport made it to 2 million passengers which is also a target and the £100 million is over a decade if it reached 1.4 million by 2029 only potentially 30 million could be available and Cardiff may not actually spend all the money either.
Numbers can be twisted to suit a narrative.
Let's see what happens with the judgement and from a Cardiff point of view I hope it doesn't lead to tragedy because we need to remember that people's livelihoods are dependant on the site operating as an airport.
The data shows they aim for 1.4 million new passengers, not total.

I don’t think anyone is advocating the failure of CWL, I’m certainly not and I’ve tried to make it very clear that the airport does have a future - but that future has to be sustainable otherwise the jobs that aren’t yet created will be forever at the whim and fancy of the political backing and the airlines they hope to attract. Why have Qatar not returned for instance? Why is KLM seeing paltry passenger figures in more recent times, even when compared to much smaller regional airports in the U.K.?

My opinion is that in order to future proof the airport they need to be focussing on making it self sustaining at the level it’s currently running at now rather than throwing money at airlines that history shows come and go at the drop of a hat. There’s clearly a core market there, nobody is denying that, but trying to distort it in their favour will only create uncertainty down the line.
 
The data shows they aim for 1.4 million new passengers, not total.
I've not seen that figure quoted anywhere. That would be 2.3 million passengers a year which isn't going to be achieved by focusing on hubs. Idk where that figure has come from.
Why have Qatar not returned for instance?
Because ironically the airport has refused to give them an upfront lump sum to return. Which shows that even being willing to subsidise doesn't guarantee airlines will come.
Why is KLM seeing paltry passenger figures in more recent times
KLMs figures aren't paltry they're comparable with other airports of Cardiff size some like Teesside and Southampton have more weekly flights. Why KLM cut the overnight only they know. Hopefully it will return in the future.
 
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Why have Qatar not returned for instance? Why is KLM seeing paltry passenger figures in more recent times, even when compared to much smaller regional airports in the U.K.?
I read somewhere that Qatar wanted 7 figures to restart the route. As I understand there’s still negotiations ongoing.

The KLM route saw its passenger numbers grow last year to spite the initial drop after losing the night stopper.

We’re seeing TUI and Ryanair add routes and frequency organically year on year. I think it’s just a slow process due to the airports previous track record and airlines proceeding with caution.
 
To get to 2.3 million passengers if that's the goal stated would essentially require an extra 5 based 737 800s operating at least 4 sectors each every day for a year plus other airlines like Qatar Airways, Air France etc being daily and KLM probably being 4 daily with the most of that being international passengers as the domestic side has died and I don't see it coming back.
 
I read somewhere that Qatar wanted 7 figures to restart the route. As I understand there’s still negotiations ongoing.

The KLM route saw its passenger numbers grow last year to spite the initial drop after losing the night stopper.

We’re seeing TUI and Ryanair add routes and frequency organically year on year. I think it’s just a slow process due to the airports previous track record and airlines proceeding with caution.
Indeed this is the problem, if Qatar want consistent ongoing support in the form of subsidy just to get to the table then it’s important to question the longevity of such routes and consequently the ROI of investing such vast sums of money.

I don’t think CWL would have a case to answer if it was simply investment in facilities to encourage growth and diversification of aviation business on the site, BRS clearly know that CWL are attempting to undercut on cost which is inherently unfair competition because BRS would have to fund such ventures out of private investment pots which would result in a loss making operation. That’s where the debate is that we’re awaiting official judgement on.

Regards to volume, the airport will need that volume to become financially self sustaining given the sheer amount that the Welsh government are proposing to invest. So if it’s not volume they’re after but links to global hubs then the effective subsidy per passenger still stands and this is why BRS feel they’re trying to distort the market. This cannot be denied.

I therefore stand by my point. The airport must work to ensure it is capable of being financially self sustaining at the levels it’s currently operating at. It has a core network that must be protected. The airport attracting prestigious hub traffic by bucking the trends of the types of routes that works realistically be attracted to an airport of its size in the U.K. whilst ignoring arbitrary country borders that are open strikes me as local vanity rather than realistic and achievable aims.
 
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I just thought I'd post these figures here because I think they have relevance to whole CWL v BRS debate then I'm going to leave it at that.
The rolling year figure for 2025 for CWL is 958,000 that's up 9.4% on 2024 which was 875,000 growth of 83,000 passengers in 2025.
BRS saw 10.833 million in 2025 up 2% on 2024 10.614 million growth of 219,000 passengers.

With the planned growth already in place Cardiff shouldn't have a problem getting back over the 1 million mark in 2026 even 1.1 million might even be possible.
 

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